The Dangers of Revolution Essay Example

The Dangers of Revolution Essay Example The Dangers of Revolution Essay The Dangers of Revolution Essay Essay Topic: Leviathan After years, indeed decades, of living under the dictatorial rule of President Ben All ordinary citizens took to the streets in protest. In short order, the popular uprising moved into the capital city of Tunis and ultimately forced All from power. Within months the governments of Egypt, Libya, Jordan, Yemen, Bahrain and Syria all saw similar uprisings, to varying degrees of success. In the case of Egypt, dictator Embark was ousted but six months later the country still struggles with implementing a new constitution. In Bahrain and Syria government security forces inducted violent crackdowns on dissidents, murdering thousands of their own citizens. In Libya, after months of intense fighting between revolutionary and government forces and the assistance of NATO, the regime of Miramar Quadratic was ousted as well. Dubbed the Arab Spring by Journalists and other observers, the uprisings are undoubtedly a historic event, having unseated, or attempted to unseat, some of the most constant regimes in the region and, indeed, in the world: . Regimes [that have] survived over a period of decades in which democratic waves rolled through East Asia, eastern Europe, Latin America, and sub-Sahara Africa. 2 In many political and analytical circles around the world the speed, ferocity and contagious nature of the uprising surprised many, leaving world leaders scrambling for a coherent policy. For some, this translated into broad declarations of support for democracy. For others, a more reserved calling for 1 Wrig ht, Robin. July/August 2011. The Arab Spring is a Jobs Crisis. The Atlantic. 58. 2 Game Ill, F. Gregory. July/August 2011. Why Middle East Studies Missed the Arab Spring. Foreign Affairs. Volt. 90 (Issue 4). 1. 2 optimistic regarding the chances of democracy taking hold in the aforementioned action-states and spreading to other countries in the region, the reality is quite different. While democracy should be encouraged throughout the world, there should be no misconceptions that democratic rule in every country would benefit the national security of the United States. A number of factors, including the lack of democratic institutions, the strong presence of Islamic fundamentalists, economics and even civilization identity all conspire to pull many states into chaos and propel anti-democratic leaders to power. Moreover, popular uprisings and democratic elections in other Middle Eastern nation-states (namely Iran, Afghanistan and Lebanon) have shown that democracy in the developing world shouldnt be blindly supported. Purpose Statement One of the primary strengths of social science research, particularly in the fields of political science and international relations, is that it excels at explanatory research. That is, looking at past events, determining the why behind a plethora of variables and explaining how those variables impacted the actions and decisions that were made. While this research has aspects of explanatory research, the central thesis is ore predictive in nature in that it is attempting to determine what will or may happen in the future based on current and past events. Admittedly, the latter form is not nearly as strong as the former for a variety of factors including the fact that not all, or even most, of the information is available at the time of writing. For example, the body of academic literature was 3 BBC Monitoring Middle East. May 20, 2011. Reactions to President Beams Middle East Speech. From Lazier. Net. 3 expanded at the end of the Cold War with the demise of the Soviet Union. This occurred because researchers finally had access behind the Iron Curtain to interviews, documents and even the nation itself. Similarly, in a decade, the events surrounding the Arab Spring will likely have far more depth and context that can be accessed in the fall of 2011. Nevertheless, predictive research is vital to the understanding of current events and the world order and in some instances, such as George Seamans Foreign Policy article advocating a policy of containing the Soviet Union, can provide a framework for policy-makers. While goals of this research are not nearly as lofty, it does hope to inform a specific area of international security and offer possible outcomes that other researchers may have missed. Indeed, while some Journalists and editorials have mentioned the possibility that a democratic Middle East could quickly turn against the United States, few academics have considered it. This is at least partially because of the the aforementioned strength of social science research being explanatory. Therefore, this research hopes to inform and enrich the body of literature by determining the possible negative outcomes of the Arab Spring and specifically skiing: What are the transnational and international impacts of the 2011 uprisings, This research will draw from a variety of sources, however, as mentioned above, the body of academic literature on this subject is somewhat thin. While relying on periodicals can prove problematic due to the daily, and sometimes hourly, news cycles, in this instance they will be informative simply because of the lack of other sources. Moreover, in making the argument outlined below, this research will utilize content analysis of periodicals from the late sass and compare the language to similar magazines and newspapers from 2011. The thesis of this research is that the 2011 uprisings in the Middle East and North Africa will cause long-term instability throughout the region because of civilization clash. For claritys sake, the 2011 uprisings refer to the so-called Arab Spring that began in Tunisia and continues today. 4 Civilization clash, the variable that this paper seeks to argue will cause problems in the region for US national security is derived from Samuel P. Huntington article, later a book, titled The Clash of Civilizations. Written nearly two decades ago, Huntington work is particularly helpful in explaining where potential areas of inflict may be in the future. For the dependent variable, long-term instability, creating a metric to quantify it has proven troublesome. This is because the evidence to fully support the thesis has yet to occur, however, by using the historical example of Iran before and after the 1979 Iranian Revolution this research may be able to predict certain key factors to the stability of a nation. Internally, economic indicators such as unemployment rates, GAP growth, trade balances, population below the poverty line and inflation rates all contribute to the stability of a nation. Additionally, the religious, social and political trustees and the role the military has in internal affairs all play a role. Externally, security agreements and partnerships, refugees and conflicts all work together to strengthen or undermine a country. For the purposes of this research, because developing an accurate index/matrix would be a research project in and of itself, we will utilize the excellent work of Dry. Mayer R. F. AAA-Roadman, Mr.. Hair Balkan and Dry. Garage Herd of the Geneva Centre for Security Policy. 4 In the Stability Matrix the researchers take into account a variety of economic, environmental, military and security, political and social factors, assigning each variable a level weighted from one to three: Each factor is given a score of 1-3, where 1 indicates that the factor contributes to stability, 2 indicates that it makes a borderline contribution to stability, and 3 indicates that it contributes to instability. 6 The matrix utilizes indexes from other governmental and non-profit institutions and combines them into a comprehensive database. Some factors listed are beyond the scope of this research, but its application will nonetheless provide clarity 4 Dry. Neff R. F. AAA-Roadman, Mr.. Hair Balkan and Dry. Garage Herd. December 20, 2006. Proposal for a Stability Matrix. Program on the Geopolitical Implications of Globalization and Transnational Security. Geneva Centre f or Security Policy. Http://www. Gasp. Chi/content/download/ matrixpdPDF See Appendix 2, attached as a separate document due to formatting issues. Ibid. 5 and measurement to the issue of instability. Theoretical Framework Just as international law gives policy-makers and lawyers a framework from which to analyze and decide what can be done, International Relations Theory gives the policy- akAkers framework from which they can analyze and decide what should be done. While International Relations Theory includes dozens of competing worldviews, one of the oldest traditions is that of realism. Dating back to ThDuchessesnd his History of the PePeloponnesusar, realism makes several key assumptions about the international order. First, the international system in anarchic. By anarchic, the traditional definition is typically used, that is, in the literal sense of absence of rule, lack of government anAnarchyoes not imply chaos, absence of order; it is simply the bsabsencef hierarchical political order based on formal subordination and authority. 7 Second, realists assume that states are at the center of the international order. This means that states are the primary actors in the world: states go to war with one another, states sign treaties with one another, states trade with one another. A chief criticism of realism has been its inability to factor noonstagend non-governmental organizations into the equation. Realists typically respond that NGNagstill lack the power and the abilities of states. 8 Although, in the 21st century, this response can, at immimesignore the realities of the world. Third, the principal concern of a state is its own security and survival. 9 Because the international system lacks a leviathan, states are on their own to develop a military, an economy, a 7 Jack Donnelly. Realism and International Relations. (Cambridge press: New York, 2000): 10. Ibid: 7-8. 9 Ibid: 7-8. 6 political and social structure. All of which are threatened by other nation-states who are invariably interested in expanding their own power. Therefore, realists typically place hard power, that is military strength, above soft power issues of economics ndNDolitical influence. Fourth, drawing from the third point, power relations are a fundamental feature of international affair s. 10 As mentioned above, states view the surest way to ensure its own survival is to expand its power. Typically, expanding power results in war. While there are additional criteria that various scholars add to realist theory, these four are the most common assumptions that form the core of the theory. Drawing from these assumptions, this research will expand the definition of realism to include non-governmental organizations. This is because, while realism is exceptionally well- uitiedo explain the behavior of and interactions between nation-states, it tends to have difficulty understanding non-state actors. However, if we treat such actors and strategies many of the realist assumptions about the world still line up. More difficult still is the inclusion and application of Samuel P. HuHuntingtonheory of the Clash of Civilizations. First postulated in a Foreign Affairs article in 1993, and later in a 1996 book, HuHuntingtonheory was hailed as asasnnovative as George KeSeamansontainment theory, and derided as racist and xenophobic. Despite the criticism evevolvedgainst it, the theory is included for two reasons: First, in the eighteen years since its publication, the Clash of Civilizations has shown itself to effectively explain, at least in broad strokes, the world of the 21st century. Second, and even more importantly, it is a theory that, if not by name then by attributes, is frequently quoted by A1AAAaeda and other IsPsalmistss a call to arms for its supporters. 11 Therefore, this research would be remiss to simply ignore HuHuntingtonork. 10 Ibid: 7. 11 CiCoevalCarl J. 2009. The Contours of A1AAAaQaedaedia Strategy. Studies in conflict -reremainsvoVolt2: 853875. 7 At the core of the The Clash of Civilizations is the desire to examine the short- comings of past theories in explaining the post-1990 world and define a new paradigm for international relations. Huntington begins by outlining four possible worlds in which one could find themselves. The first, deemed One World: Euphoria and Harmony12 directly responds to Francis FuFuchsiashe End of History which asserts, among other things, that we may be witnessing ththend of history as such: that is, the end point of mankinds ideological evolution and the ununiversalisticf Western liberal democracy as the final form of government. 13 Ultimately, watching the genocide and cultural conflict that persisted throughout the 19sassHuntington concluded that this world paradigm was simply too divorced from reality. 4 The second paradigm Huntington considers is Two Worlds: Us and Them. 15 This paradigm permeates the majority of human conflict, from the Cold War to the Ancient Greeks, East versus West, Global North versus Global South, Core versus Periphery, it is simple and direct, but in the end is too simplistic to explain an increasingly complex international order. 16 The third paradigm is what Huntington calls 184 states, more or less. 17 Essentially an update of classic realism, this piPicturef the world is a highly useful starting point for analyzing international affairs and explains much state behavior. States are and will remain the dominant entities in world affairs . ovOverallhis stassistaradigm does provide a more realistic picture of and guide to global politics than the one- or two-world paradigms. 18 However, according to Huntington, states are gradually losing power and sovereignty to non- state institutions and actors. The last paradigm is Sheer Chaos19 and is characterized by failed states, massive refugee and humanitarian crises and the prbreadf terrorism. While there certainly are areas of the world that match this description, adopting this as a paradigm 12 Huntington Samuel P. 996. The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of the World Order. Simon Schuster: New York, New York: 31 . 13 Ibid. 31. 15 Ibid. 32 16 Ibid. 33 17 Ibid. 33 18 Ibid. 34 19 Ibid. 35 8 offer little to no explanation on insight into the future. 20 Thus, Huntington concludes that a new approach, a new way in which to view the world is needed. Rejecting the overly simplistic and the overly complex, he aims for something of a middle path, a allanceetween reality and parsimony. 21 Creating a cicivilizationodel, Huntington divides the world into nine civilizations. For the cicivilizationpproach, there are four key assumptions: The forces of integration in the world are real and are precisely what are generating cocounterforcef cultural assertion and cicivilizationonsciousness. The world is in some sense two, but the central distinction is between the West as the hitherto dominant civilization and all the other, which, however, have little if anything in common among them. The world, in short, is divided between a Western one and a onmonoesterany. Nation states are and will remain the most important actors in world affairs, but their interests, associations, and conflicts are increasingly shaped by cultural and cicivilizationactors. The world is indeed anarchical, rife with tribal and nationality conflicts, but the conflicts that pose the greatest dangers for stability are those between states or groups from different civilizations. 22 Huntington identifies nine distinct civilizations: Western, Orthodox, Islamic, African, Latin American, SiSonicChinese), Hindu, Buddhist, and Japanese, and lays out a new map of the world. While clearly each civilization has overlap within certain areas and nation-states, and each civilization is far from hohomogeneousithin the defined regions, HuHuntingtonap provides some insight to the cicivilizationaradigm: 20 Ibid. 36. 21 Ibid. 37. 22 Ibid. 36 9 Figure 1 The World of Civilizations: Post-1990 Moreover, because of the increasingly glglobalizesorld, civilizations are coming into contact more and more often which only highlights the differences in culture, language and religion. Upon publication, HuHuntingtonssay created a firestorm of controversy. While considering even a few perspectives that counter the core thesis ouloude a research project in and of itself, it is still useful to understand and rebut some of the criticism. In particular, many academics have criticized HuHuntingtonheory by citing specific examples in the post-Cold War and post-WI 1 period that show the cicivilizationpproach is too simplistic. Their argument is that it fails to take into account clashes within civilizations which, in the case of the RwRwandaenocide, is even deadlier than supposed cicivilizationlashes. Robert Kaplan, a correspondent for Atlantic Monthly and author of several books on, as he calls it, the roreentersf civilization, argues because HuHuntingtonrush is broad, his specifics are vulnerable to attack. 24 He goes on to outline a direct rebuttal put forth by a Johns 23 Ibid: 26-27. 24 Robert Kaplan. February 1994. The Coming Anarchy. In The Coming Anarchy. 2000. Vintage Books, New York. 27. 10 Hopkins professor: The world of Islam divides and subdivides. The battle lines in the Caucasus arAreot coextensive with cicivilizationault lines. The lines follow the interests of states. Where Huntington sees a cicivilizationuel between Armenia and Azerbaijan, the Iranian state has cast religious zeal . o Ohe wind . inInhat battle the Iranians have tilted toward Christen Armenia. 25 Kaplan notes that while the professor is correct in his facts, HuHuntingtonheory still holds up because the AzGazerssecular ShShihsview their cultural identity as Turkish. The ArArmeniansimilarly, are not battling the AzGazersecause of religious affiliation but rather because they are Turks, related to the same Turks that massacred ArArmeniann 1915. 26 Additionally, throughout the region TuTurkeyulture is battling Iranian culture, therefore the Iranians and the ArArmenianave a natural enemy in the Turks. 7 Perhaps most interestingly, however, is that the world described by the Johns Hopkins professor is even more dangerous than the one Huntington envisions. 28 While this is but one specific example, this attack is repeated throughout the academic literature. In most instances an analysis such a KaKaplaneveals a world that still supports HuHuntingtonicivilizationheory. The other main charge leveled against this theory is that it fundamentally misunderstands Islamic, SiSonicnd other cultures, in particular citing HuHuntingtonlaims that the failure of Western liberal democracy to take hold in Muslim societies has its source at least in part in the inhospitable nature of Islamic culture and society to Western liberal concepts. 29 Some commentators have argued that the Arab Spring proves cicivilizationheory wrong, particularly that many people in Arab nations do share a universal hunger for liberty. They feel the presence of universal human rights and feel insulted when they are not accorded them. 30 Two points: first, in fairness to Huntington he never claimed that people in 26 27 28 29 Ibid. 28. Ibid. 29. Ibid. 30. Huntington. 116. David Brooks. March 4, 2011. HuHuntingtonlash Revisited. New York Times. 27. 11 Muslim nations have been characterized by autocratic leaders and IsSalamisovements. Second, it is still too early in the revolutionary process to make claims that liberty (especially as Westerners understand it) will prevail over a different kind of autocracy in Tunisia, Egypt, Libya and other countries. A far more likely outcome, as Huntington explains, is that these nation-states will adopt certain aspects of liberal democracy but also incorporate their own culture in their electoral and governing processes. This will be expanded upon later in the research. The inclusion of ivvolitionalheory in this research could be understandably interpreted as a misunderstanding of what Huntington sought to accomplish: that is, an alternative explanation to the theories of realism, idealism and others. Instead, its inclusion is actually explained in part by Huntington himself. Huntington agreed with two realist core assumptions: that the world is anarchical and that nation-states are its primary actors. In this authors mind, cicivilizationheory is best understood as a subset of so-called complex realism which recognizes and attempts to correct realisms short- omominousith the inclusion of additional theories. Therefore, complex realism is best understood as having realist assumptions, but recognizing that NGNagsuch as terrorist organizations play a vital role in determining the security of a nation-state and that conflicts, while between states or non-state actors, are, on a systemic level, often between civilizations. Background and Analysis On December 17, 2010 few analysts or policy-makers would have predicted that the suicide of a young man in North Africa would cause one of the greatest uprisings since the end of the Cold War.

Impressive List of Topics for Speech Competition Which Wont Bore Your Audience

Impressive List of Topics for Speech Competition Which Wont Bore Your Audience Impressive List of Topics for Speech Competition Which Won’t Bore Your Audience If you’re looking for speech competition topics, it means that you take part in a contest in your college, national tournament or you’re just a member of Toastmasters! Anyway, if you have no idea what to talk about in front of the audience, you’ve come to the right place. We will provide you with a list of topics for speech competition where you will be able to find a suitable subject for your performance or at least get inspired to come up with your own one. But before that we would like to remind you the most important rules and requirements that you have to remember while giving a speech: Keep to the formal structure – introduction, main body, and conclusion. Make sure your style of language is appropriate to your speech theme. Avoid plagiarism at all costs. The speech must be polite and shouldn’t offend people on racial, gender, religious or any other basis. Control your movements: you are allowed to use slight natural gestures and keep them to a minimum. Match your look with the topic of your speech (within reasonable limits). These aspects are very important to consider while choosing the subject because you need to understand which topic you will be able to meet the rules as well as do your best. So, keep them in mind while having a look at our 20 sample topics for a speech competition. White Supremacists and Statues of Confederates: to Take Down or Not to Take Down? Mandatory Minimums as a Legal Display of Racism on the Governmental Level in Matters of Drug Abuse and Drug Trade Lack of Trust in Mass Media as an Instrument of Propaganda The Future of Pilotless Airliners with Autopilot Controls A New Economic Bubble: Do Governments Have to Regulate the Blockchain Markets? Donald Trump and Big Data: a Winning Combination Sophia – the First Robot in the World to Get a Citizenship and Other Privileges The Role of Ireland in the Brexit Process Recent Hurricanes and the Prospects of Geoengineering AIDS Epidemic Among Children What Will Happen When the US Acknowledges Jerusalem as the Capital of Israel? Slobodan Praljak’s Suicide During the Trial: What Does It Tell Us about Bosnia-Herzegovina? The Lack of Child Psychiatrists in Ireland and Its Consequences Who Are the Rohingya People and Why Did Pope Publicly Address Them? The Problem of Fake News on Facebook How Police Use Facebook to Catch Criminals Sexual Harassment Revelations of 2017: What Was the Trigger? Accelerated Bachelor’s Degrees: Their Advantages and Dangers The Premises for Banning College and School Beauty Contests Consequences of Revealing Your Life on Social Media Go through this list and while choosing the final topic to remember – it is important that the subject you’ll settle with would be interesting for you as well as for your audience. That’s one of the most significant criteria that you should always stake into account. At writing company you can buy speeches online which will impress your professor.

Environment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Environment - Assignment Example Although solar energy has been in use for a long time, generating electricity from this source has not been fully adopted hence this has locked up great benefits associated with this alternative source of energy (Foster; Ghassemi, & Cota 47). Even though the solar energy is free, there are hindrances to achievement of this technology. For example, the cost of installation of solar harnessing equipment is extremely high. Also, the availability of solar energy fluctuate from place to another with some parts of the globe receiving maximum solar energy while others have low solar intensity. Also, solar availability is affected by the seasons and time of the day (YouTube). Implementation of this law will result to increase in efficiency of solar energy production since many people will invest in solar energy hence encourage innovation (Foster; Ghassemi, & Cota 47). Although the availability of solar energy may not increase, the efficiency of harnessing this energy will result to increase in the amount of power output lower cost of production (Boxwell 49). The cost saving on environmental management compensates the additional cost of generating solar energy on a large

It's a Research Proposal Paper so any topic you wish

It's a Paper so any topic you wish - Research Proposal Example Of the total expenditure, electrical and computer appliances grouping contributed the most, giving a total of HK$ 30 million. During this quarter of 2008, more than 1000 advertisers advertised their wares over the internet: 5.5 billion internet advertising impressions and 2800 campaigns. Internet advertising is the mode of promotion, which uses the World Wide Web to communicate marketing messages, intended at attracting customers. Internet advertising is anticipated to grow by 17.4%. This model is expected to overtake advertising over the TV. Previous studies show that advertising – directly or indirectly influences the purchasing behavior of consumers. According to Mehta (67-69) customers with a fair outlook towards advertising are more likely to be influenced by advertising – into making purchases. The inquiry will be qualitative in nature: it will capture the qualitative data captured from the informants, to present the facts, as to the subject, as it exists and as it takes places within the marketing context. Primary data will be collected using the questionnaire method. The questionnaire tools will be disseminated to the study population. Secondary data will be collected through the review of different sources, journals, researches and online libraries: Questia, Ebsco and Science Direct. A total of 250 informants will be reached during the study. These subjects will be selected based on convenience sampling, which is a non-probability sampling method, where study subjects are chosen on the basis of convenience to the study. For this reason, the sample selection exercise will be easy (Anderson et al. 53-55). The researchers will place invitations on the internet (online and offline). Over the internet, social networking sites and forums, this will be used to attract the respondents for the study. The questionnaire will be distributed to the respondents through

Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea by Jules Verne Essay Example for Free

Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea by Jules Verne Essay In a classic novel in the genre of science fiction, Jules Verne depicts the epic adventures onboard the submarine of Captain Nemo. The characters are interesting and memorable and the story is very exciting to read. When the book was first published in France, it was called Vingt Mille Lieues Sous Les Mers, but was translated into English as Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea. This book was written in 1870, quite a long time before submarines were widely used. This illustrates the fact that Jules Verne was a very imaginative writer, because he was able to develop a realistic story around something that had not yet happened. Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea begins with Professor Pierre Aronnax as the narrator. He is a famous marine biologist and is sent on a mission to find a massive sea monster that has been stalking the coast and frightening people all over the world. He leaves New York on a battleship called the Abraham Lincoln and they all search for the monster for quite a while. Finally, the ship finds the sea monster in the Pacific Ocean, near South America and then they begin attacking it. During the battle with the creature, the Abraham Lincoln is damaged and the steering on the ship stops working properly. Professor Pierre Aronnax, his assistant and a man named Ned Land, who is a harpooner, are thrown overboard into the sea. They think that they are lying on top of the sea monster, and all three men are very afraid of what will happen to them. It turns out all right though, because what they are laying on really it isn’t a monster at all. Soon, Captain Nemo opens the hatch of his submarine and the men are brought into the ship, the Nautilus. The submarine is very impressive and seems very comfortable to the men. After everybody is introduced, the Nautilus continues steaming through the ocean. The men see spectacular things from under the sea and enjoy the adventure. They encounter coral in the Red Sea, shipwrecks and then the ice shelves of Antarctica. Finally, the Nautilus brings the men to the lost city of Atlantis. It is a sight unlike anything the men have ever seen before. The whole city is wonderful and there are lots of things to see underwater. Even though they have enjoyed their trip, the Professor, his assistant named Conseil, and the harpooner decide they wan to leave the Nautilus after a while, mostly because Captain Nemo is very unhappy and is doing dangerous things with the submarine. The Captain does not want to let them go, because they have seen his submarine, which he has kept a secret since he built it. Captain Nemo does not want anybody to know that he has this submarine because he wants to be far away from people. If the men were to escape, they might tell the newspapers about the Nautilus and then other battleships might come looking for him again. At the end of the book, Captain Nemo takes the Nautilus far to the North to Norway. The boat is caught in a giant whirlpool because of the reckless way the Captain has been driving his submarine, the Nautilus. After this happens, the Professor, his assistant Conseil, and Ned Land, the harpooner, all decide that it is time to try to make their escape to dry land. Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea is a thrilling novel that has many interesting characters in it. It is also interesting that this book was written in 1870, before submarines were used very often. The details and stories that Jules Verne provides are full of excitement and the book also teaches people about undersea creatures.

The Great Depression and Franklin D. Roosevelts New Deal Essay

The Great Depression and Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal During the 1930's, America witnessed a breakdown of the Democratic and free enterprise system as the US fell into the worst depression in history. The economic depression that beset the United States and other countries was unique in its severity and its consequences. At the depth of the depression, in 1933, one American worker in every four was out of a job. The great industrial slump continued throughout the 1930's, shaking the foundations of Western capitalism. The New Deal describes the program of US president Franklin D. Roosevelt from 1933 to 1939 of relief, recovery, and reform. These new policies aimed to solve the economic problems created by the depression of the 1930's. When Roosevelt was nominated, he said, "I pledge you, I pledge myself, to a new deal for the American people." The New Deal included federal action of unprecedented scope to stimulate industrial recovery, assist victims of the Depression, guarantee minimum living standards, and prevent future economic crises. Many economic, political, and social factors lead up to the New Deal. Staggering statistics, like a 25% unemployment rate, and the fact that 20% of NYC school children were under weight and malnourished, made it clear immediate action was necessary. In the first two years, the New Deal was concerned mainly with relief, setting up shelters and soup kitchens to feed the millions of unemployed. However as time progressed, the focus shifted towards recovery. In order to accomplish this monumental task, several agencies were created. The National Recovery Administration (NRA) was the keystone of the early new deal program launched by Roosevelt. It was created... ... After the law was passed, wages began to rise as the economy turned to war production. Wages and prices continued to rise, and the original minimum wage ceased to be relevant. However, this new law still excluded millions of working people, as did social security. However, a severe recession led many people to turn against New Deal policies. In addition, World War II erupted in September 1939. Causing an enormous growth in the economy as war goods were once again in great demand. No major New Deal legislation was enacted after 1938. The Depression was a devastating event in America, and by regulating banks and the stock market the New Deal eliminated the dubious financial practices that had helped precipitate the Great Depression. However, Roosevelt's chief fiscal tool, deficit spending, proved to be ineffective in averting downturns in the economy.

Managerial accounting question answers

â€Å"If an investment does not fit with an organization's strategic plan, It Is probably not a good Idea, even If the net present value Is positive. † Under what conditions would this be a true statement? When would It be false? The statement is generally true. Investments should be made that are consistent with the company's strategy. Sometimes a deal comes along that is too good to pass up. In such a case, a company might depart from its strategic plan (or revise the plan to accommodate the investment) 2.A film with an opportunity cost of capital of 15 percent faces two mutually exclusive investment projects: a. Acquire goods at the start of the year, ship them to Japan, and sell them at the end of the year. The internal rate of return is 20 percent and it has a positive NP. B. Make certain expenditures today that will cause reported earnings for the year to decline. This will result In large cash flows at the end of the second and third years.The Internal rate of return on this project Is 30 percent and It has a larger NP than the first project. Management observes that for the current year the second reject will result in smaller earnings reported to shareholders than the first. How might management's observation influence its choice between the two investment projects? NAS: Sometimes, because of the conservatism of financial accounting, expenditures that are â€Å"Investments† are not capitalized, but are written off currently, depressing current earnings but boosting future earnings.Such a phenomenon may well influence management to prefer projects with short-term benefits at the cost of ignoring longer-term projects with even larger benefits but which take more time to benefit reported earnings. . The flexible budget is a poor benchmark. The master budget Is all that is necessary. Give me your thoughts on these two statements. The flexible budget and master budget serve two different purposes. The master budget is a planning device, while the flexible budget is a control device.The master budget is the benchmark, or goal, based on all the information available at the time of preparation. It gives the profit goal for the upcoming period, based on an estimated level of activity. Although the firm may aim for that estimated level of activity, it may achieve above or below it. The flexible budget is then used to determine what revenues and costs should have been, given the actual activity level attained for the period.The use off flexible budget allows managers to separate volume variances from those due to differences in unit selling prices, unit variable costs, and fixed costs from the master budget. 4. Multi-Nationals around the world use master budgets, but there is considerable variation in who is involved in the process. In some countries, companies frequently use top-down budgeting while others use participative budgeting. Why it Is Important to know who within each company is

Answers to math 230

1. The slope of a function at the point of its local or global maxima is zero. Explain why using an example. The slope of a function is zero at the point of its local or global maxima because of the fact that it is the point where the function is horizontal, thus the slope is really zero. For example, given a function f(x) =-x^2. The first derivative of f is -2x and equating it to zero will yield to solution x=0 which is our candidate for maximum or minimum point. Furthermore, we apply the second derivative test. The second derivative is -2 thus 0 is a local maximum. Accidentally 0 is the only local maximum thus 0 is also the global maximum of the function. At x=0, f(x) =0, which has slope of 0. 2. Show how the derivative of the function f(x) = (2x^4) (3x+2)2 can be obtained with out using the product rule. We can differentiate the given function 2x^4 (3x+2)2 without using the product rule by just simply distributing (2x^4) to the term (3x+2) giving you 6x^5+ 4x^4. Afterwards, multiply it with the constant 2, thus you have 12x^5+8x^5. Now you can solve the derivative using the simple idea of getting the derivative of function.   Hence you have (12)(5)(x^5-1)+(8)(5)(x^4-1) yielding you to 60x^4+40x^3 which is the derivative of the function f. 3. Provide a discussion showing that the limit of the function, f(x) =2x^4 / (x-2) does not exist at x=2. It is possible that the limit of a given function doest not exist at a particular point. In the problem, to show that the limit of f(x) as x approaches 2 does not exist we need to get the right hand side and left hand side limit of f(x). The right hand side limit of f is positive infinity while the left hand side limit of f is negative infinity. Since they are not equal, we are forced to conclude that the limit of f(x) does not exist. Reference: What the Derivative Tells Us About a Function. Retrieved October 12 2007 from http://www.ugrad.math.ubc.ca/coursedoc/math102/keshet.notes/chapter5

Claimsmakers †Impacting Our Society

Claimsmakers – Impacting Our Society Free Online Research Papers â€Å"Claims-making is† another way of viewing the ways in which victims’ rights, concern, and issues and discussed in society.† (Topic 4:Class Lecture). Claims that are made about and issue, event, or crime can have weight on policy changes and reform efforts. When a claim is made concerning an issues that affects are society are understanding of the issues is affected by the way the claimsmakers phrase there view of the issue. There are those individuals within our society that hold a great deal of clout and gain the creditability of the public resulting in us basing our understanding of the issue on that individuals claim. When a certain issue of victimization receives a vast amount of activity such as publications addressing solutions for the issue there is an increase in the evident threat of the problem at hand. When a claim is presented concerning a recent issue the cause of the problem can be inaccurate due to the lack of attention and evidence regarding the issue. Often a policymaker will employ the appearance of control by responding to the claim and make an inaccurate change due to the lack of factual information regarding the issue. The Case of Victimization Astronaut Lisa Nowak was arrested on Monday February 5, 2007 and charged with battery, attempted kidnapping, and attempted burglary of a car and destruction of evidence. Nowak posted a bond of 15,500 for the three charges against her however; the process of her release was brought to a standstill when the Orlando Police brought on attempted murder charges. Nowak, 43, is a Navy Captain is accused of approaching Colleen Shipmen, 30, an Air Force Captain in the Orlando International Airport parking lot and spraying her with pepper spray. According to a police report regarding this incident both Shipman and Nowak were in a relation with another astronaut, Navy Commander Bill Oefelein. Nowak â€Å"told police that her relationship with Oefelein was â€Å"more than a working relationship and less than a romantic relationship.†Ã¢â‚¬  (CNN Article: Astronaut arrested on attempted kidnapping charges). Nowak waited for Shipman at the Orlando International Airport to confront her about the relationship Shipman had with Oefelein. Nowak attempted to get a ride from Shipman or use her cell phone. Shipmen denied the requests of Nowak and told her that she would send help instead. Nowak began crying and complained that she was unable to hear Shipman. At this point Shipman rolled the car window down a couple inches, according to police this is when Nowak sprayed pepper spray into Shipman’s car. Shipman then drove to the tollbooth at the airport and called the Orland police regarding the incident. Interpretation Colleen Shipman, 30, servers as a project engineer at the 45th Launch Support Squadron at Patrick Air force Base, and resides in Cape Canaveral, Fla. The Pittsburgh Tribute-Review reported that teacher and students remember as a good student who was involved in a Varity of school activities and clubs. Shipman placed a quote on classmates.com that she was â€Å"single and loving it†, nor did her friends remember her mentioning anything about being in a relationship. In Brevard County Shipman filed a retraining order against Nowak stating that that for the past two months Nowak had been stalking her. There does not appear to be a big portrayal on Shipman in fact the media seems to be focusing their attention on Nowak life. Lisa Nowak had received a significant amount of attention concerning her life, her career, and how those who knew her portrayed her. Nowak’s friends and family state that she was a good and caring person and this is completely out of character for Nowak bringing shock to family and friends. The media is investigating the cause of Nowak’s meltdown that caused her to victimize Shipman. Apparently Nowak and her husband who works at NASA mission control separated after 19-years of marriage. There were reports made by the AP stating that there had been signs of problems before Nowak was arrested. A neighbor called the police to the home of Nowak claims that she heard the sound of dishes being broken. I think that the media is trying to find out if her actions were associated with the pressure of her job and personal life caused psychological concerns. The Medias’ Claims The major claimsmakers in this case seem to be the media, whom are focusing a major part of their stories on Nowak and providing very little information on the victim Colleen Shipman. This could be due to the fact that this is a very recent incident and Shipman needs time to go through the healing process. The media is also giving attention to NASA officials and their thoughts on this event. CNN posted and article on there website addressing any lessons that NASA may have learned from this ordeal. NASA officials have stated that the psychological screening assessments will be reviewed due to the recent arrest of Lisa Nowak. The article states â€Å"the space agency will determine if there are â€Å"lesson to be learned† from the incident involving Nowak and determine if modifications need to be made, according to NASA deputy administrator Shana dale† (CNN Article: NASA wants to know if there are â€Å"lessons to be learned†). Military spokesmen, J.B. Kump, a retired Air Force officer believes that the media is using this story for a financial gain and they are making a mountain out of a mole hill. The media is asking if NASA is not a good at screening the astronauts that they let through the system. It is unfortunate that the image of NASA will be negatively affected by this incident of victimization. The items that are said to be in the possession of Nowak when she was arrested are: a steel mallet, a buck knife with a four inch blade, a BB gun and a map to the residence of Shipman. The media are taking these items stated to be in the possession of Nowak and creating there own version of what Nowak was planning to do. These stories that are being created are affecting the public thoughts of the incident and what the real intentions that Nowak had for that day. I think that the media is missing vital parts of this incident, such as Nowak’s explanation for these items being in her vehicle, the precis e relationship that was going on between these three individual. The actual facts of the incident are what seem to be continuously absent in the media’s reporting. Due to the crime being so recent the police have not had an adequate amount of time to uncover the details and facts of this crime. Conclusion This story of criminal victimization presents great examples that claimsmakers have on our societies understanding of an event. There have been claims made concerning this crime of victimization, however, the police have not had an adequate amount of time to investigate the facts of this case leading me to believe that the media has created their own version of the event and what led the actions of Nowak. The media has a considerable amount of impact on our society and we often base our views on the information that they present to us. The claims that have been made by the media concerning the pressure of Nowak’s job have created doubts of NASA’s ability of screening astronauts. Though NASA has been screening astronauts for over 50-years the media has placed doubt in the minds of some Americans in relation to the capabilities of NASA’s ability to screen out astronauts with psychological issues. I think that it would be a vital asset to the nation if there were c ertain stipulations set upon claims-makers, for example, providing an adequate amount of time for an investigation in which facts would be uncovered. Though a story will be presented by the media as is evolves, they should ensure they inform the public that there is a continuing investigation and not all the facts of the event have been presented. Research Papers on Claimsmakers - Impacting Our SocietyUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenThe Project Managment Office SystemQuebec and CanadaThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andComparison: Letter from Birmingham and Crito19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)

Simple Déjeuner French Verb Conjugations

Simple Dà ©jeuner French Verb Conjugations A single French verb,  dà ©jeuner,  is used to say to have lunch. Its a very specific word and identical to the noun for lunch,  le dà ©jeuner.  Learning how to transform, or conjugate, the verb into the past, present, or future tense is rather simple as this quick lesson will demonstrate. Conjugating the French Verb  Dà ©jeuner In English, we use -ed and -ing endings to conjugate verbs. Things  are a little more complex in French because we need to use a new ending for every subject pronoun within each tense. That means you have more than just a few words to memorize. Dont worry, though,  dà ©jeuner  is a  regular -ER verb  and that makes conjugating it just a little easier. This is particularly true if youve already memorized similar verbs such as  cuisiner (to cook)  and  demander (to ask).   To conjugate  dà ©jeuner, pair the subject pronoun with the appropriate tense. For example, I am having lunch is je dà ©jeune and we will have lunch is nous dà ©jeunerons. Practice these in context and youll be one step closer to memorizing all the forms. Subject Present Future Imperfect je djeune djeunerai djeunais tu djeunes djeuneras djeunais il djeune djeunera djeunait nous djeunons djeunerons djeunions vous djeunez djeunerez djeuniez ils djeunent djeuneront djeunaient The Present Participle of  Dà ©jeuner The  present participle  of dà ©jeuner  is  dà ©jeunant. Its as simple as adding -ant  to the verb stem. Beyond its use as a verb, it can also become an adjective, gerund, or noun when needed. The Past Participle and Passà © Composà ©Ã‚   The  passà © composà ©Ã‚  is a common way to express the past tense had lunch in French and its an alternative to the imperfect. To construct this, conjugate the  auxiliary verb  avoir  to fit the subject pronoun, then add the  past participle  dà ©jeunà ©. For example, I had lunch is jai dà ©jeunà © while we had lunch is nous avons dà ©jeunà ©. More Simple  Dà ©jeuner  Conjugations You may also find one of the following forms of  dà ©jeuner  useful as your fluency progresses. The subjunctive verb mood implies some sort of uncertainty to the action. Similarly, the conditional form says that the action will only take place  if  something else does. In literature and formal writing, the passà © simple or the imperfect subjunctive may be found. You might not use these yourself, but knowing of them will help your French reading comprehension. Subject Subjunctive Conditional Pass Simple Imperfect Subjunctive je djeune djeunerais djeunai djeunasse tu djeunes djeunerais djeunas djeunasses il djeune djeunerait djeuna djeunt nous djeunions djeunerions djeunmes djeunassions vous djeuniez djeuneriez djeuntes djeunassiez ils djeunent djeuneraient djeunrent djeunassent The imperative verb form is extremely easy and its used with just three subject pronouns. However, you do not have to include the pronoun itself: use dà ©jeune alone rather than tu dà ©jeune. Imperative (tu) djeune (nous) djeunons (vous) djeunez

Reducing the Hold of the Underage Credit Card Trap Essay

Reducing the Hold of the Underage Credit Card Trap - Essay Example With their deep pockets and ability to lobby Congress, regulating the credit card companies is not a realistic option. It's incumbent upon the customer base, the young people, to be well informed and make prudent credit decisions. It's also important for society to mandate that any young person that uses credit be licensed to do so, just as they are licensed to drive. Schools need to offer mandatory credit classes that will teach students how to calculate the cost of credit, as well as the long-term implications of credit card debt. They need to know that credit card purchases have a price, and the price may be hidden in the terms that they have failed to read. They need to recognize a misleading and overly aggressive credit card marketing scam when they see it. Most of the material could be integrated into existing Math and English courses. Math class could be used to teach how to calculate the long-term cost of a purchase based on the interest rate, as well as how to figure what the minimum monthly payment would be. English class could be a forum for reading and analyzing the fine print. It would need to offer a vocabulary section to discuss the specialized wording that companies use to mask their true intentions. It would be helpful if users understood the terms "pre-payment penalty", "grace period", and "inactivity fee".

Love Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Love - Article Example Based on the new ability to scan the brain, researchers have developed new theories about language acquisition that focus on â€Å"critical windows of learning† (Wasserman, 2007). This theory that emphasizes critical windows of learning states that children’s brains can learn certain skills, such as language, only during short windows of time. Once the window has closed, the child cannot learn that skill. Wasserman argues that educators must embrace this new research in order to address the needs of at-risk students. Though Wasserman acknowledges that this research is still being debated, she believes that educators should use the theory just as educators in the past used the research of Piaget, Skinner, and others before it was officially accepted. Classroom accommodations that Wasserman emphasizes are using neuroscience to identify at-risk students. Once a brain scan identifies a student, the educator should use the critical windows of learning to identify what the child has learned and is capable of learning. Additionally, she calls for educators to use brain-based research to change the way they teach. In her words, â€Å"Sequential knowledge is harder for the brain to process. Nonlinear learning in bits and pieces is easier for the brain to process† (Wasserman, 2007). Public education classrooms focus entirely on sitting in a desk and learning knowledge sequentially. Educators should adopt teaching that allows for nonlinear learning. In other words, the classroom that Wasserman envisions does not have students all sitting quietly at a desk listening to the teacher. Instead, it is a classroom that is full of energy where students are learning and discovering as their brains lead them. Wasserman’s article covered the basics of brain-based research in a method and language that was easy to understand. Since the audience is public educators, language that is too complex would be detrimental to her purpose as an educator would not read